{"id":2925,"date":"2019-06-30T23:29:27","date_gmt":"2019-06-30T23:29:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/?p=2925"},"modified":"2019-08-06T21:07:55","modified_gmt":"2019-08-06T21:07:55","slug":"tiberiu-dianu-studiul-limbilor-straine-si-primul-amendament-al-constitutiei-sua-tiberiu-dianu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/tiberiu-dianu-studiul-limbilor-straine-si-primul-amendament-al-constitutiei-sua-tiberiu-dianu\/","title":{"rendered":"Studiul limbilor str\u0103ine \u015fi Primul amendament al Constitu\u0163iei SUA \/Tiberiu Dianu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-art-big-1col wp-image-2926\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/20100903013_shultz_training_center_8x10__photo-326x235.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"235\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><i>Foreign Service Institute<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Educa\u0163ia \u00een limbi str\u0103ine este de o importan\u0163\u0103 crucial\u0103 pentru personalul american diplomatic, militar \u015fi profesional din \u0163ar\u0103 \u015fi de peste hotare. Aceast\u0103 activitate este realizat\u0103 cu scopul de a promova valorile americane \u015fi interesele SUA \u00een lume, c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een \u0163ar\u0103 pentru cet\u0103\u0163enii \u015fi reziden\u0163ii str\u0103ini.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">\u00cen principal, cursurile de limbi str\u0103ine sunt asigurate \u00een SUA pentru studen\u0163ii guvernamentali \u015fi priva\u0163i de o re\u0163ea de institu\u0163ii de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt guvernamentale \u015fi non-guvernamentale, printre care men\u0163ion\u0103m Foreign Service Institute (FSI) \u015fi American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL).<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">FSI, \u00eenfiin\u0163at \u00een 1947, apar\u0163ine de Departamentul de Stat. Are \u00een componen\u0163a sa patru facult\u0103\u0163i, printre care School of Language Studies (SLS), care ofer\u0103 anual instructaj \u00een peste 70 de limbi str\u0103ine \u015fi test\u0103ri de competen\u0163\u0103 lingvistic\u0103 \u00een peste 100 de limbi str\u0103ine. pentru cei peste 170.000 de angaja\u0163i ai departamentului, precum \u015fi ai altor departamente guvernamentale, inclusiv militare.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_Service_Institute\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_Service_Institute<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Pe de alt\u0103 parte, ACTFL este o organiza\u0163ie cu peste 12.500 de profesori de limbi str\u0103ine \u015fi administratori din sistemul de educa<span lang=\"RO\">\u0163ie\u00a0<\/span>guvernamental \u015fi privat.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Council_on_the_Teaching_of_Foreign_Languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Council_on_the_Teaching_of_Foreign_Languages<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Aceast\u0103 asocia\u0163ie \u00ee\u015fi extinde regulile\u00a0<span lang=\"RO\">\u015fi\u00a0<\/span>instruc\u0163iunile \u015fi asupra re\u0163elei de \u015fcoli private de limbi str\u0103ine din SUA.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yelp.com\/search?cflt=language_schools&amp;find_loc=Washington%2C+DC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.yelp.com\/search?cflt=language_schools&amp;find_loc=Washington%2C+DC<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Ambele institu\u0163ii au sistemele lor proprii de certificare a testatorilor de limbi str\u0103ine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">ACTFL utilizeaz\u0103 un\u00a0<i>Manual de protocol \u015fi proceduri de testare din 2009<\/i>, din epoca lui Obama, total anacronic cu dispozi\u0163iile dreptului la liber\u0103 expresie, prev\u0103zut \u00een Primul amendament al Constitu\u0163iei SUA.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Astfel,\u00a0<i>Appendixul A<\/i>\u00a0din acest Manual prevede instruc\u0163iuni specifice cu subiectele care trebuie evitate \u00een timpul test\u0103rilor la examenele de limbi str\u0103ine.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/webcache.googleusercontent.com\/search?q=cache:-tNbbswXwt4J:https:\/\/1pdf.net\/download\/doc-lti-testing-procedures-and-protocol_591b4496f6065d3e31010bf7+&amp;cd=4&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/webcache.googleusercontent.com\/search?q=cache:-tNbbswXwt4J:https:\/\/1pdf.net\/download\/doc-lti-testing-procedures-and-protocol_591b4496f6065d3e31010bf7+&amp;cd=4&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=us<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Ini<span lang=\"RO\">\u0163ial, a<\/span>\u015fa-zisul fundament juridic pentru obstruc\u0163ionarea schimbului liber de idei dintre cei examina\u0163i, pe de-o parte, \u015fi echipa de testare (compus\u0103 din testator \u015fi examinator), pe de alt\u0103 parte, a fost considerat\u00a0<i>Titlul VII<\/i>\u00a0din\u00a0<i>Legea drepturilor civile din 1964<\/i>. Acesta stipula c\u0103 \u00een timpul angaj\u0103rii unui candidat, acesta nu poate fi \u00eentrebat despre v\u00e2rst\u0103, gen, ras\u0103 sau origine etnic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Ulterior, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission din SUA (EEOC) a extins lista interdic\u0163iilor la urm\u0103toarele subiecte: preferin\u0163a sexual\u0103, statutul marital, starea de s\u0103n\u0103tate \u015fi opiniile politice.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Motiva\u0163ia era c\u0103 prevederile legale aveau inten\u0163ia s\u0103 protejeze drepturile personale \u015fi la via\u0163\u0103 intim\u0103 ale candidatului.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Continu\u00e2nd cu extrapol\u0103rile, ACTFL a inclus ea \u00eens\u0103\u015fi un nou set de \u201csubiecte foarte controversate \u015fi sensibile\u201d precum: avortul, controlul armelor de foc, rasismul, legisl<span lang=\"RO\">a\u0163ia privind\u00a0<\/span>imigra\u0163ia, pedeapsa capital\u0103 sau pedepsele corporale, homosexualitatea, religia, r\u0103zboiul, opiniile politice, urmate de \u201cetc.\u201d (adic\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 limit\u0103)! A<span lang=\"RO\">\u015fadar, fun<\/span>c\u0163ionari retrograzi \u015fi neale\u015fi de nimeni au ajuns s\u0103 impun\u0103 arbitrar noi subiecte \u00een categoria celor \u201ccontroversate\u201d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Chiar c\u00e2nd examina\u0163ii au ei \u00een\u015fi\u015fi ini\u0163iativa s\u0103 discute asemenea subiecte \u201cfoarte controversate\u201d, testatorii sunt instrui\u0163i s\u0103 evite discu\u0163iile pe aceste subiecte pentru a nu pune pe examina\u0163i sau candida\u0163i \u00een situa\u0163ii \u201cneconfortabile\u201d, cre\u00e2nd riscul unei \u201cinterpret\u0103ri gre\u015fite a discu\u0163iei\u201d din partea candidatului.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Mai recent, \u00een 2019, \u00een ajunul intr\u0103rii \u00een campania preziden\u0163ial\u0103 din 2020, au ap\u0103rut noi instruc\u0163iuni interne cu subiecte de discu\u0163ie care trebuie evitate &#8220;tot timpul&#8221;,\u00a0 pentru a nu cauza \u201cdisconfort\u201d fie examina\u0163ilor, fie examinatorilor at\u00e2t din sistemul ACTFL, c\u00e2t \u015fi din sistemul FSI. Aceste \u201csubiecte sensibile din punct de vedere cultural\u201d includ, dar nu sunt limitate, la: gen, politic\u0103, migra\u0163ie, religie, terorism, legalizarea de droguri, dreptul la port de arm\u0103, \u00eengenuncheatul \u00een semn de protest \u00een timpul interpret\u0103rii imnului na\u0163ional, precum \u015fi stereotipuri de denigrare.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">\u00cen schimb, sunt impuse ca subiecte de discu\u0163ie, printre altele: discursul de ur\u0103, mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, poluarea \u015fi \u00eenc\u0103lzirea global\u0103, precum \u015fi tendin\u0163ele globalismului &#8211; toate subiecte preferate tradi\u0163ional de c\u0103tre liberali.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">P\u00e2n\u0103 recent, FSI a avut o tendin\u0163\u0103 ceva mai echilibrat\u0103 a administr\u0103rii subiectelor de testare la examenele de limbi str\u0103ine, de\u015fi, pe ansamblu, \u015fi aici se face remarcat\u0103, \u00een timp, o vizibil\u0103 sc\u0103dere a standardelor lor academice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">De exemplu, anterior anului 2015, cei examina\u0163i la testele de limbi str\u0103ine trebuiau s\u0103 fac\u0103 o mini-prezentare relativ formal\u0103 pe un subiect dat privitor la America \u015fi valorile ei.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Dup\u0103 anul 2015, la presiunea studen<span lang=\"RO\">\u0163ilor,\u00a0<\/span>FSI a \u201cflexibilizat\u201d (a se citi: a redus exigen\u0163a pentru) condi\u0163iile acestei mini-prezent\u0103ri, transform\u00e2nd-o \u00eentr-o \u201cexplica\u0163ie\u201d relativ informal\u0103 \u015fi mai pu\u0163in structurat\u0103 din punct de vedere lingvistic.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Un element pozitiv, totu\u015fi, a fost l\u0103rgirea listei de subiecte la mai multe domenii, incluz\u00e2nd subiecte politice, militare \u015fi de diploma\u0163ie (inclusiv securitate).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.govtilr.org\/TC\/NewSpeakingTestforILR031315Without%20Video.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/www.govtilr.org\/TC\/NewSpeakingTestforILR031315Without%20Video.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Ca testator \u015fi examinator certificat, am avut ocazia s\u0103 m\u0103 confrunt cu aceste probleme \u00een decursul timpului.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Dar conform dinamicii realit\u0103\u0163ii de pe teren, studen\u0163ii de la limbi str\u0103ine (diploma\u0163i, militari \u015fi al\u0163i profesioni\u015fti) migrau constant\u00a0<span lang=\"RO\">\u00ee<\/span>n procesul de testare (\u00een func\u0163ie de propriile lor interese) de la un sistem la altul (de la FSI la ACTFL \u015fi viceversa). Aceasta a f\u0103cut ca instruc\u0163iunile ACTFL, anti-Trump\u00a0<span lang=\"RO\">\u015fi d<\/span>e tip #Resist, s\u0103 fie extinse \u015fi la FSI. Aici, dat\u0103 fiind arhicunoscuta cultur\u0103 anti-Trump din cadrul Departamentului de Stat, ele au fost adoptate \u015fi s-au extins aproape natural.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">Efectul imediat a fost c\u0103 multe din subiectele de testare (\u00een special cele referitoare la politic\u0103, armat\u0103 \u015fi securitate) at\u00e2t de la FSI, c\u00e2t \u015fi de la \u015fcolile private, r\u0103m\u00e2n neutilizate, fiind puse pe \u201clista neagr<span lang=\"RO\">\u0103\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">\u201cProasta\u00a0<span lang=\"RO\">educa\u0163ie\u201d (ca s\u0103 parafrazez titlul celebrului album al c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0163ei Lauryn Hill) indus\u0103 personalului diplomatic, militar \u015fi de specialitate reprezint\u0103<\/span><span lang=\"RO\">\u00a0<\/span>o adev\u0103rat\u0103 bomb\u0103 cu efect \u00eent\u00e2rziat pentru administra\u0163ia pre\u015fedintelui Donald Trump. Este unul din nenum\u0103ratele cazuri \u00een care birocra\u0163i anti-Trump, neale\u015fi de nimeni, \u015fi c\u0103l\u0103uzi\u0163i de principiile Mi\u015fc\u0103rii #Resist, saboteaz\u0103 din interior politica administra\u0163iei preziden\u0163iale\u00a0<span lang=\"RO\">p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultimul grad<\/span>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/knowyourmeme.com\/memes\/resist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/knowyourmeme.com\/memes\/resist<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\">De aceea, se impune cu necesitate ca at\u00e2t ministrul Educa\u0163iei, Betsy DeVos, dar mai ales ministrul de Externe, Mike Pompeo (\u00eentre dou\u0103 vizite diplomatice de-ale lui prin str\u0103in\u0103tate), s\u0103 \u00eentreprind\u0103 pa\u015fi hot\u0103r\u00e2\u0163i pentru a elimina asemenea practici anti-constitu\u0163ionale, contra libert\u0103\u0163ii de expresie, din programele unor agen\u0163ii guvernamentale sau neguvernamentale.\u00a0<span lang=\"RO\">\u00cen caz contrar<\/span>, ele vor modela \u00een mod ireversibil discursul despre valorile americane ale personalului nostru diplomatic, militar \u015fi de specialitate at\u00e2t peste hotare, c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een \u0163ar\u0103, \u00een rela\u0163iile lor cu str\u0103inii.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\"><i>NOT\u0102 \u2013 Dreptul de reproducere a articolului, \u00een variantele englez\u0103 \u015fi rom\u00e2n\u0103, apar\u0163ine autorului \u015fi este folosit cu permisiunea acestuia.<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Variante ale articolului au fost publicate anterior \u00een AMERICAN THINKER\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2019\/07\/the_state_department_is_making_a_mess_of_foreign_language_education.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2019\/07\/the_state_department_is_making_a_mess_of_foreign_language_education.html<\/a><i>, INTELLECTUAL CONSERVATIVE\u00a0<\/i><\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.intellectualconservative.com\/tiberiu-dianu-the-miseducation-along-the-hill-a-time-bomb-for-the-trump-administration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.intellectualconservative.com\/tiberiu-dianu-the-miseducation-along-the-hill-a-time-bomb-for-the-trump-administration\/<\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i><span lang=\"RO\">\u015fi<\/span>\u00a0MEDIUM\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@tdianu\/the-miseducation-along-the-hill-foreign-language-training-vs-freedom-of-speech-ba2b12f98ad8?postPublishedType=repub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/medium.com\/@tdianu\/the-miseducation-along-the-hill-foreign-language-training-vs-freedom-of-speech-ba2b12f98ad8?postPublishedType=repub<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-art-big-1col wp-image-2317\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/thumbnail-320x235.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"235\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNormal\"><b><i>TIBERIU DIANU, autor de c\u0103r\u0163i \u015fi multiple articole de drept, politic\u0103 \u0219i societ\u0103\u0163i postcomuniste, locuie\u015fte \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een Washington, DC \u015fi poate fi urm\u0103rit pe MEDIUM.<\/i><\/b>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@tdianu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">https:\/\/medium.com\/@tdianu<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-art-big-1col wp-image-2926\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/20100903013_shultz_training_center_8x10__photo-326x235.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"235\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv6813814035ydp73fc0a61MsoNorma... \n\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,44,47],"tags":[],"coauthors":[75],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4rsGx-Lb","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2925"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2925"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2983,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2925\/revisions\/2983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2925"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}