{"id":2670,"date":"2018-09-16T22:31:42","date_gmt":"2018-09-16T22:31:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/?p=2670"},"modified":"2018-09-29T00:31:55","modified_gmt":"2018-09-29T00:31:55","slug":"tiberiu-dianu-trump-si-putin-dupa-helsinki-expansionismul-rusiei-in-arctica-si-cum-ar-trebui-sa-reactioneze-statele-unite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/tiberiu-dianu-trump-si-putin-dupa-helsinki-expansionismul-rusiei-in-arctica-si-cum-ar-trebui-sa-reactioneze-statele-unite\/","title":{"rendered":"TRUMP \u015eI PUTIN DUP\u0102 HELSINKI: EXPANSIONISMUL RUSIEI \u00ceN ARCTICA \u015eI CUM AR TREBUI S\u0102 REAC\u0162IONEZE STATELE UNITE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4003\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><b>un articol\u00a0<\/b><b><span lang=\"RO\">de Tiberiu Dianu<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2317\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/thumbnail.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/thumbnail.jpg 320w, http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/thumbnail-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" \/><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4016\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><b id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4015\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4014\">1. Arctica \u015fi situa\u0163ia geopolitic\u0103 actual\u0103<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4006\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4005\">\u00cent\u00e2lnirea dintre pre\u015fedin\u0163ii american, Donald Trump, \u0219i rus, Vladimir Putin de luni, 16 iulie 2018, de la Helsinki (Finlanda), a avut loc, iar acum e deja de domeniul trecutului. \u021a\u0103rile pe care ace\u0219ti doi pre\u0219edin\u021bi le reprezint\u0103 continu\u0103 s\u0103 aib\u0103 mai multe subiecte fierbin\u021bi nerezolvate, printre care: Ucraina, Crimeea, conducta de gaze Nord Stream 2, precum \u0219i amestecul Rusiei \u00een alegerile SUA din 2016. Cei doi pre\u0219edin\u021bi au convenit s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lneasc\u0103 din nou \u00een cursul anului, iar Putin a fost invitat la Washington \u00een aceast\u0103 toamn\u0103. Un alt subiect important care ar trebui luat \u00een considerare \u00een timpul urm\u0103toarelor \u00eent\u00e2lniri dintre cei doi pre\u0219edin\u021bi este problema Arcticii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4025\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4024\">Statele Unite trebuie s\u0103 formuleze o strategie pe termen lung, de contracarare a expansiunii militare a Rusiei, care a continuat \u00een ultima jum\u0103tate de secol. Teritoriul bogat, dar nerevendicat, al Arcticii a fost \u015fi continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie o zon\u0103 a fric\u021biunilor \u0219i a incidentelor americano-ruse care, \u00een perioada de dup\u0103 r\u0103zboiul rece, pot escalada la nivelul unor conflicte deschise. Regiunea polar\u0103 de\u021bine un sfert din resursele mondiale de petrol \u0219i gaze neexploatate, iar zona marin\u0103 american\u0103 acoper\u0103 aproximativ 27 de miliarde de barili de petrol \u0219i 132 de trilioane de picioare cubice (peste 3,7 trilioane de metri cubi) de gaze naturale, suficient pentru a crea locuri de munc\u0103, venituri \u0219i energie termic\u0103 pentru urm\u0103torii 30 de ani.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2015\/04\/could_the_us_lose_its_arctic_energy_war_to_rivals.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2015\/04\/could_the_us_lose_its_arctic_energy_war_to_rivals.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4027\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4026\">Devine din ce \u00een ce mai evident c\u0103, \u00een actuala situa\u021bie geopolitic\u0103, Putin nu va disp\u0103rea prea cur\u00e2nd. La urma urmei, la frageda sa v\u00e2rst\u0103 de peste 65 de ani, el are tot timpul s\u0103 se joace de-a pre\u015fedintele \u015fi de-a prim-ministrul prin rota\u0163ie, dup\u0103 cum o face cu succes din 1999. La r\u00e2ndul lui, Trump a fost ales \u00een func\u021bia de pre\u0219edinte al SUA \u00een 2016 \u0219i poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een func\u021bia de pre\u0219edinte reales p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2024.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4029\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4028\">Cei doi lideri mondiali, Trump \u0219i Putin, par a avea modele psihologice similare, at\u00e2t \u00een form\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een con\u0163inut. Ei se manifest\u0103 \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 similar\u0103, sunt considera\u021bi patrio\u021bi de c\u0103tre concet\u0103\u021benii lor (considera\u0163i \u201cpopuli\u0219ti\u201d de c\u0103tre anali\u0219tii politici) \u0219i beneficiaz\u0103, fiecare \u00een parte, de o baz\u0103 solid\u0103 de aleg\u0103tori.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 Putin \u015fi-a extins cu mult mandatele ulterior pre\u015fedin\u0163ilor americani Bill Clinton, George W. Bush \u0219i Barack Obama, to\u0163i trei av\u00e2nd la activ c\u00e2te dou\u0103 mandate de pre\u015fedin\u0163i ale\u015fi.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">Prin urmare, o prognoz\u0103 pe urm\u0103torii 10 ani a rela\u021biei SUA-Rusia se impune cu necesitate.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><b>2. Juc\u0103torii politici din zona Arcticii<\/b><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4031\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4030\">Regiunea arctic\u0103, situat\u0103 \u00een cea mai nordic\u0103 parte a planetei, include, \u00een zona sa subarctic\u0103, teritoriile nordice ale Canadei, Danemarcei, Finlandei, Islandei, Norvegiei, Rusiei, Suediei \u0219i Statelor Unite.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arctic<\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4034\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">Zona arctic\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 doar \u00eentre cinci \u0163\u0103ri, de-a lungul unei linii de demarca\u021bie de 200 de mile nautice (cca 370 de kilometri), cu Rusia pe de o parte, \u0219i Statele Unite, Canada, Danemarca \u0219i Norvegia, pe de alt\u0103 parte.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/russia-insider.com\/sites\/insider\/files\/20141220_IRM937.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/russia-insider.com\/sites\/insider\/files\/20141220_IRM937.png<\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4033\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4032\">Cre\u0219terea prezen\u021bei militare ruse\u0219ti \u00een Arctica creeaz\u0103 o stare de nelini\u0219te \u00een aceste \u021b\u0103ri vecine, \u00een special \u00een Norvegia, care a avut \u00een NATO un rol foarte activ \u00een regiunea arctic\u0103, aceast\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103 sprijinind aplicarea de sanc\u021biuni \u00eempotriva Rusiei din partea Occidentului.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stratfor.com\/analysis\/russias-plans-arctic-supremacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.stratfor.com\/analysis\/russias-plans-arctic-supremacy<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><b>3. \u201dExpunerea nordic\u0103\u201d a Rusiei<\/b><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4036\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4035\">\u00cen epoca lui Putin, Rusia a avut c\u00e2teva ini\u0163iative agresive de a-\u015fi marca teritoriul, prin reactivarea \u0219i renovarea bazelor ei militare mai vechi, din perioada sovietic\u0103, pentru a ad\u0103posti sistemele de ap\u0103rare de ultim\u0103 genera\u021bie (inclusiv sistemele radar \u0219i de ghidare de la sol), avioane de lupt\u0103, sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103 \u0219i submarine cu energie nuclear\u0103. De asemenea, Rusia \u015fi-a extins brig\u0103zile de infanterie motorizat\u0103 \u0219i patrulele de gr\u0103niceri (\u00een regiunea arhipelagului Novaia Zemlia, regiunile Murmansk \u0219i Yamal-Nene\u0163, arhipelagul \u0162ara Franz Josef din regiunea Arhanghelsk, Insula Vranghel, de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Alaska, precum \u0219i Capul Schmidt).\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/breakingenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/04\/roman-arctic-military.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/breakingenergy.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/04\/roman-arctic-military.jpg<\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4039\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">\u00cen octombrie 2013 Putin a promis c\u0103 nu va \u201crenun\u021ba\u201d la zona arctic\u0103 a Rusiei. \u00cen octombrie 2014 Rusia \u0219i-a anun\u021bat inten\u021bia de a transmite mai multe solicit\u0103ri c\u0103tre Organiza\u021bia Na\u021biunilor Unite, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i extind\u0103 grani\u021bele arctice cu 1,2 milioane de kilometri p\u0103tra\u021bi (peste 463.322 de mile p\u0103trate). \u00cen noiembrie 2014 Putin a anun\u021bat \u00eenfiin\u021barea unui comandament \u201cnordic\u201d al Arcticii, care urma s\u0103 func\u0163ioneze din luna decembrie a aceluia\u0219i an.\u00a0<a id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4038\" href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/russia-arctic-expansion-2014-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4037\">http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/russia-arctic-expansion-2014-11<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">\u00cen decembrie 2015 Putin a aprobat o nou\u0103 doctrin\u0103 militar\u0103, conform c\u0103reia Arctica a fost inclus\u0103 oficial pe lista zonelor din sfera de influen\u021b\u0103 rus\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2647\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/who-owns-the-arctic-1386437555486-superJumbo.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/who-owns-the-arctic-1386437555486-superJumbo.png 600w, http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/who-owns-the-arctic-1386437555486-superJumbo-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><b>4. R\u0103spunsul Statelor Unite<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anul 2013 SUA a elaborat o strategie na\u021bional\u0103 pentru regiunea arctic\u0103, incluz\u00e2nd peste 30 de ini\u021biative specifice \u00eentr-un plan de implementare condus de Departamentul Securit\u0103\u0163ii Na\u0163ionale (\u0219i sus\u021binut de alte departmente, precum cele de Comer\u021b,, Ap\u0103rare, Externe, Transporturi \u015fi de Funda\u0163ia Na\u0163ional\u0103 de \u015etiin\u0163\u0103) \u201cpentru a proiecta o prezen\u021b\u0103 maritim\u0103 american\u0103 suveran\u0103, a sprijini interesele SUA \u00een regiunile polare \u0219i a facilita cercetarea care promoveaz\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea fundamental\u0103 a Arcticii\u201d (vezi Ronald O&#8217;Rourke, Raportul din 14 septembrie 2017, pp. 8-9).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/weapons\/RL34391.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.fas.org\/sgp\/crs\/weapons\/RL34391.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">Se impune \u00eens\u0103 ca SUA s\u0103 adopte o abordare mai agresiv\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de militarizarea Rusiei \u00een Arctica. Marina militar\u0103 american\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 construirea mai multor sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103, pentru a se preg\u0103ti pentru o eventual\u0103 agresiune ruseasc\u0103. R\u0103spunderea pentru aceast\u0103 sarcin\u0103 revine, \u00een mod tradi\u021bional, Pazei de Coast\u0103 din zon\u0103.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/russia-arctic-military-expansion-moscow-national-security-issue-mccain-says-2033610\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/russia-arctic-military-expansion-moscow-national-security-issue-mccain-says-2033610<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">\u00cen prezent, flota polar\u0103 american\u0103 de sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103 include dou\u0103 nave de rezisten\u0163\u0103 mare (<i>Polar Star<\/i>, aflat\u0103 \u00een revizie tehnic\u0103, \u0219i\u00a0<i>Polar Sea<\/i>, care este opera\u021bional\u0103, ambele concepute pentru a efectua misiuni at\u00e2t \u00een \u200b\u200bArctica, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een Antarctica), o nav\u0103 de rezisten\u0163\u0103 medie (<i>Healy<\/i>, utilizat\u0103 pentru cercetarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u00een Arctica) \u0219i un vas (<i>Palmer<\/i>, utilizat pentru cercetarea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 \u00een Antarctica).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.uscg.mil\/acquisition\/icebreaker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.uscg.mil\/acquisition\/icebreaker\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">S-au elaborat planuri pentru \u00eenc\u0103 cinci sau \u0219ase sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103 (dou\u0103 sau trei de rezisten\u0163\u0103 mare \u0219i trei de rezisten\u0163\u0103 medie), la un pre\u0163 pe unitate de peste 1 miliard de dolari.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.usni.org\/2015\/12\/09\/coast-guard-to-finalize-icebreaker-acquisition-strategy-by-spring-production-by-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/news.usni.org\/2015\/12\/09\/coast-guard-to-finalize-icebreaker-acquisition-strategy-by-spring-production-by-2020<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">Prin compara\u021bie, Rusia de\u0163ine 41 de sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103, iar Canada &#8211; \u0219ase (\u0219i continu\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi extind\u0103 num\u0103rul).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/arcticenergycenter.com\/the-u-s-needs-more-icebreakers-arctic-drilling-can-help\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/arcticenergycenter.com\/the-u-s-needs-more-icebreakers-arctic-drilling-can-help\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">La 17 mai 2018, \u00een cadrul unei conferin\u021be a Academiei de Paz\u0103 de Coast\u0103, \u00een New London, Connecticut, pre\u0219edintele Trump a promis s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 mai multe sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103 pentru Paza de Coast\u0103. \u201cSunt m\u00e2ndru s\u0103 spun c\u0103 sub administra\u021bia mea, a\u0219a cum tocmai a\u021bi auzit, vom construi primele noi sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u021b\u0103 din Statele Unite din ultimii 40 de ani. Vom construi multe din ele\u201d. Amiralul Paul Zukunft, comandantul Pazei de Coast\u0103, a acordat credit administra\u021biei Trump pentru finan\u021barea unui nou sp\u0103rg\u0103tor de ghea\u021b\u0103. \u201cTocmai am disponibilizat sume de bani sub aceast\u0103 administra\u021bie pentru a investi, \u00een sf\u00e2r\u015fit, \u00een sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103\u201d, a spus amiralul. &#8220;O s\u0103 construim \u0219ase din ele \u015fi suntem pe cale s\u0103 \u00eel construim pe primul foarte repede\u201d, a mai ad\u0103ugat el.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/checkpoint\/wp\/2017\/05\/17\/trump-pledges-to-build-coast-guard-icebreakers-but-its-unclear-how-different-his-plan-is-than-obamas\/?utm_term=.eede4dbe15a5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/checkpoint\/wp\/2017\/05\/17\/trump-pledges-to-build-coast-guard-icebreakers-but-its-unclear-how-different-his-plan-is-than-obamas\/?utm_term=.eede4dbe15a5<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">Timpul necesar pentru a construi un nou sp\u0103rg\u0103tor de ghea\u0163\u0103 poate dura mai mul\u021bi ani. Paza de Coast\u0103 inclusese deja proiectul \u00een propunerea de buget din anul fiscal 2012-2013. \u00cen anul fiscal 2016 proiectul a primit circa 15,6 milioane de dolari. \u00cen anul fiscal 2017 Congresul a alocat Pazei de Coast\u0103 25 de milioane de dolari pentru a gestiona proiectul, iar 150 de milioane de dolari au fost direc\u0163iona\u0163i c\u0103tre Marina militar\u0103, pentru a \u00eencepe proiectarea \u0219i procesul de construc\u021bie. \u00cen prezent, construc\u0163ia sp\u0103rg\u0103torului de ghea\u0163\u0103 este planificat\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 \u00een anul 2020 \u0219i, dac\u0103 totul merge conform planului, nava va fi lansat\u0103 \u00een anul 2023.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2017\/may\/24\/donald-trump\/trump-goes-bit-overboard-icebreaker-claim\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2017\/may\/24\/donald-trump\/trump-goes-bit-overboard-icebreaker-claim\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><b>5. C\u0103tre o nou\u0103 strategie arctic\u0103 american\u0103<\/b><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">Construirea \u0219i modernizarea unui flote noi de sp\u0103rg\u0103toare de ghea\u0163\u0103 este doar o parte a unei strategii mai largi a Arcticii, pe care SUA trebuie s\u0103 o elaboreze \u0219i s\u0103 o pun\u0103 \u00een aplicare. Interesele strategice ale Americii \u00een ambele regiuni polare (dar \u00een special \u00een zona arctic\u0103 limitrof\u0103) trebuie redefinite la nivel de politic\u0103 na\u021bional\u0103. Prin urmare, sectorul arctic american trebuie reconfigurat. Rusia a ini\u0163iat deja demersuri \u00een cadrul Organiza\u021biei Na\u021biunilor Unite pentru a-\u0219i extinde zona arctic\u0103. SUA trebuie s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi dezvolte mai multe zone militare arctice: baze temporare \u0219i baze permanente \u00een zonele de coast\u0103 din Alaska (\u00een Oceanul \u00cenghe\u0163at \u015fi Oceanul Pacific), precum \u0219i \u00een Insulele Aleutine din Marea Bering, \u00een cea mai vestic\u0103 regiune a SUA, pe longitudine, la grani\u0163a cu Rusia (unde, \u00een 1971, SUA a detonat cea mai mare explozie nuclear\u0103 subteran\u0103).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amchitka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amchitka<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">De asemenea, SUA ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 o politic\u0103 de cooperare arctic\u0103 mai intens\u0103 (inclusiv prin implementarea de baze militare) cu alia\u021bii s\u0103i nordici: Danemarca (\u00een Groenlanda) \u0219i Islanda.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">SUA \u015fi-a manifestat mereu un interes geopolitic deosebit fa\u0163\u0103 de Groenlanda. \u00centre 1941 \u0219i 1945 insula a fost sub ocupa\u0163ie militar\u0103 american\u0103, ca reac\u0163ie la faptul c\u0103 Danemarca fusese invadat\u0103 de Germania nazist\u0103. \u00cen 1946 SUA a f\u0103cut Danemarcei o ofert\u0103 de cump\u0103rare a Groenlandei, dar oferta a fost \u00eent\u00e2mpinat\u0103 cu un refuz.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenland<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">C\u00e2t prive\u015fte Islanda, baza militar\u0103 aerian\u0103 american\u0103 de la Keflavik, \u00eenchis\u0103 \u00een septembrie 2006, este programat\u0103 a fi redeschis\u0103, la peste zece ani, datorit\u0103 preocup\u0103rilor autorit\u0103\u021bilor locale islandeze legate de recentele activit\u0103\u0163i ale Rusiei.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/security\/2016\/02\/us-military-returns-iceland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/thebarentsobserver.com\/security\/2016\/02\/us-military-returns-iceland<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">\u00cen plus, SUA ar trebui s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi consolideze at\u00e2t cooperarea \u00een cadrul NATO, c\u00e2t \u0219i cea bilateral\u0103 cu Canada \u0219i Norvegia \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi extind\u0103 parteneriatele militare cu celelalte \u021b\u0103ri scandinave aliate ne-membre NATO, Finlanda \u0219i Suedia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\">Astfel, o strategie arctic\u0103 american\u0103 eficient\u0103 ar implica un sistem binar de componente, cu elemente micro (de suport tehnic \u0219i logistic) \u0219i elemente macro (arcul militar al alia\u021bilor arctici). Prin urmare, SUA ar trebui s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi actualizeze \u0219i s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi extind\u0103 elementele micro (unde Rusia domin\u0103 acum), \u00een consonan\u0163\u0103 cu consolidarea \u0219i extinderea elementelor macro (unde Rusia este \u0219i va fi \u00eentotdeauna un juc\u0103tor pe cont propriu \u0219i, prin urmare, izolat, din cauza lipsei sale de alia\u021bi arctici).<\/p>\n<p class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><i>NOT\u0102 \u2013 Dreptul de reproducere a articolului, \u00een varianta englez\u0103 \u00een original \u015fi varianta rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een traducere, apar\u0163ine autorului \u015fi este folosit cu permisiunea acestuia.<\/i><\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4081\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><i>Variante ale articolului au fost publicate anterior de revistele AMERICAN THINKER\u00a0<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2016\/06\/russias_arctic_expansionism_how_should_the_us_respond.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.americanthinker.com\/articles\/2016\/06\/russias_arctic_expansionism_how_should_the_us_respond.html<\/a>,\u00a0<i>CARIBBEAN NEWS NOW!<\/i>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.caribbeannewsnow.com\/2018\/07\/26\/commentary-trump-and-putin-beyond-helsinki-the-united-states-strategy-in-the-arctic-and-russias-expansionism-in-the-area\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">https:\/\/www.caribbeannewsnow.com\/2018\/07\/26\/commentary-trump-and-putin-beyond-helsinki-the-united-states-strategy-in-the-arctic-and-russias-expansionism-in-the-area\/<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<i>INTELLECTUAL CONSERVATIVE<\/i>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.intellectualconservative.com\/tiberiu-dianu-russias-arctic-expansionism-and-the-reconfiguration-of-the-american-arctic-strategy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.intellectualconservative.com\/tiberiu-dianu-russias-arctic-expansionism-and-the-reconfiguration-of-the-american-arctic-strategy\/<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<i>MARIANAS VARIETY<\/i>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mvariety.com\/cnmi\/cnmi-news\/editorials\/106175-right-direction-trump-and-putin-beyond-helsinki-russia-s-expansionism-in-the-arctic-and-how-the-us-should-respond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.mvariety.com\/cnmi\/cnmi-news\/editorials\/106175-right-direction-trump-and-putin-beyond-helsinki-russia-s-expansionism-in-the-arctic-and-how-the-us-should-respond<\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<i>precum \u015fi de POLAR AND OCEAN PORTAL (China) (\u00een limba chinez\u0103)<\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/www.polaroceanportal.com\/article\/1009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\">http:\/\/www.polaroceanportal.com\/article\/1009<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4076\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\"><b id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4079\"><i id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4078\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4077\">TIBERIU DIANU, autor de c\u0103r\u0163i \u015fi multiple articole de drept, politic\u0103 \u0219i societ\u0103\u0163i postcomuniste, locuie\u015fte \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 activitatea \u00een Washington, DC \u015fi poate fi urm\u0103rit pe MEDIUM.<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<a id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4075\" href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@tdianu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" shape=\"rect\"><span id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4074\">https:\/\/medium.com\/@tdianu<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p id=\"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1538086618949_4003\" class=\"yiv0960075949ydp517205c3MsoNormal\" align=\"center\"><b>un articol\u00a0<\/b><b><span lang=\"RO\">de Tiberiu Dianu<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2317\" src=\"http:\/\/w...\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5,37,32,47],"tags":[],"coauthors":[75],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4rsGx-H4","_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2670"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2670"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2672,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2670\/revisions\/2672"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2670"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nymagazin.com\/en_US\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=2670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}